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A private key is a secret, randomly generated number that serves as the core credential for accessing and controlling a cryptocurrency address (or wallet). **Key points:** - **Uniqueness:** Each private key is unique and corresponds to exactly one public key (and thus one address) through a one‑way cryptographic algorithm (e.g., ECDSA on the secp256k1 curve for Bitcoin and Ethereum). - **Control:** Whoever possesses the private key can sign transactions, proving ownership of the funds at th

A blockchain consensus mechanism is the set of rules and processes that a distributed network of nodes uses to agree on the state of the ledger—i.e., which transactions are valid and how new blocks are added. Because blockchains operate without a central authority, consensus ensures that all participants maintain a single, tamper‑resistant copy of the blockchain. ### Core Goals 1. **Safety** – Prevent invalid or double‑spent transactions from being accepted. 2. **Liveness** – Keep the network